農(nóng)機(jī)大全網(wǎng)（www.97661a.com）最新農(nóng)機(jī)信息：中-英農(nóng)機(jī)雙語(yǔ)課堂｜ 對(duì)可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)有特殊影響的三個(gè)領(lǐng)域，農(nóng)機(jī)新產(chǎn)品,二手農(nóng)機(jī),農(nóng)機(jī)補(bǔ)貼目錄,農(nóng)機(jī)價(jià)格查詢,農(nóng)機(jī)報(bào)價(jià)大全，更多農(nóng)機(jī)資訊請(qǐng)查看：農(nóng)機(jī)資訊

　　中-英農(nóng)機(jī)雙語(yǔ)課堂| 對(duì)可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)有特殊影響的三個(gè)領(lǐng)域

客戶信心consumer confidence，土壤壓實(shí)soil compaction，履帶拖拉機(jī)Tracked tractor，NIR (NEAR infra-red)近紅外，氮nitrogen，磷phosphorus，鉀potassium。以上單詞對(duì)您閱讀下文可能有幫助。 

在約翰迪爾最近舉行的首屆可持續(xù)發(fā)展日上，農(nóng)民、顧問和專家們討論了農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械行業(yè)如何有助于在經(jīng)濟(jì)和生態(tài)之間找到更好的平衡。特別是，數(shù)字解決方案可以減少對(duì)環(huán)境的影響，幫助農(nóng)民在減少使用礦物肥料、農(nóng)用化學(xué)品和燃料的情況下實(shí)現(xiàn)相同甚至更高的產(chǎn)量。 

約翰迪爾表示，農(nóng)民將成為氣候節(jié)約者，并補(bǔ)充說：“數(shù)字化是使農(nóng)業(yè)更加可持續(xù)的關(guān)鍵因素。它還通過增強(qiáng)文檔記錄提供了更好的透明度。這樣，農(nóng)民就能重拾消費(fèi)信心?！?/p>

約翰迪爾確定了對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)性具有特殊影響的三個(gè)領(lǐng)域： 

Soil protection – protecting the soil with modern design concepts;

土壤保護(hù)—用現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)理念保護(hù)土壤

Fertilisation – using digital nutrient measurement to upgrade manure and slurry as a valuable organic fertiliser;

施肥—利用數(shù)字營(yíng)養(yǎng)測(cè)量，將糞便和泥漿升級(jí)為有價(jià)值的有機(jī)肥料

Crop protection – reducing the use of agrochemicals by more precise applications. 

植?！ㄟ^更精確的應(yīng)用減少農(nóng)用化學(xué)品的使用

Increased soil protection

加強(qiáng)土壤保護(hù) 

Soil protection is mainly about using larger machinery footprints, which helps to avoid damaging soil compaction. This ensures greater soil fertility while increasing porosity and the soil’s capacity to store more nutrients and water.

土壤保護(hù)主要是使用更大的機(jī)械-土地接觸面積，有助于避免造成土壤壓實(shí)。這確保了更高的土壤肥力，同時(shí)增加了孔隙度和土壤儲(chǔ)存更多養(yǎng)分和水分的能力。 

In recent years, tractors have undoubtedly become heavier. Nevertheless, soil compaction has steadily decreased due to the use of larger tyres and the ability to work with low inflation pressures. For example, a modern 22-tonne tractor only puts a pressure of 0.6kg/cm2 on the ground, while a 3-tonne 75hp tractor built in the 1970s applies much more weight, at 1.5kg/cm2.

近年來，拖拉機(jī)無疑變得更重了。然而，由于使用了更大的輪胎以及能夠在低充氣壓力下工作，土壤壓實(shí)度穩(wěn)步下降。例如，一臺(tái)22噸的現(xiàn)代拖拉機(jī)只對(duì)地面造成0.6 kg/cm2(Mpa)的壓力，一臺(tái)建于20世紀(jì)70年代的3噸75馬力拖拉機(jī)的重量要大得多，達(dá)到1.5 kg/cm2(Mpa).

Tracked tractors are even gentler on the soil. A larger footprint also means less track depth, which reduces compaction in the deeper soil layers and reduces roll resistance.

履帶式拖拉機(jī)在土壤上更為溫和。更大的足跡也意味著更少的軌道深度，這減少了深層土壤的壓實(shí)度，降低了滾動(dòng)阻力。 

Less roll resistance means lower fuel consumption and therefore fewer CO2 emissions. Tests have shown that fuel consumption can be reduced in this way by 10 per cent, so this innovative driving concept can make an active contribution to climate protection.

較小的滾動(dòng)阻力意味著較低的燃油消耗量，從而減少二氧化碳排放量。測(cè)試表明，通過這種方式油耗可以降低10%，因此這種創(chuàng)新的駕駛理念可以為氣候保護(hù)做出積極貢獻(xiàn)。 

Fertilising more accurately with manure

更精確地施肥 

Fertilising farmland with manure is often the subject of critical public debate. There’s no doubt that slurry is a valuable organic fertiliser that needs to be used correctly. However, this only works if the farmer is able to determine the nutrient demand of the crop as well as the nutrient content of the manure.

給農(nóng)田施肥常常是公眾爭(zhēng)論的焦點(diǎn)。毫無疑問，泥漿是一種有價(jià)值的有機(jī)肥料，需要正確使用。然而，只有當(dāng)農(nóng)民能夠確定作物的養(yǎng)分需求以及肥料的養(yǎng)分含量時(shí)，這種方法才有效。 

Today, both can be measured accurately by taking soil and plant samples. The results allow farmers to create application maps, which make site-specific fertiliser applications possible.

如今，通過采集土壤和植物樣本，兩者都可以精確測(cè)量。研究結(jié)果使農(nóng)民能夠繪制施肥圖，從而使特定地點(diǎn)的施肥成為可能。 

With the John Deere HarvestLab sensor, the precise nutrient content of the manure can be accurately measured. The sensor’s NIR technology identifies the exact amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, even when the values vary. Controlled in real time by these active measurements and the application map recommendations, the tractor and slurry tanker are able to adjust the application rate automatically. This ensures the exact amount of organic fertiliser is applied according to the specific needs of the crop.

有了約翰迪爾收獲實(shí)驗(yàn)室傳感器，肥料的精確營(yíng)養(yǎng)含量可以精確測(cè)量。傳感器的NIR(近紅外)技術(shù)能識(shí)別氮、磷和鉀的確切數(shù)量，即使這些數(shù)值不同。通過主動(dòng)測(cè)量和應(yīng)用圖建議的實(shí)時(shí)控制，拖拉機(jī)和泥漿罐車能夠自動(dòng)調(diào)整應(yīng)用率。這確保了有機(jī)肥料的使用數(shù)量是根據(jù)作物的具體需要精確確定的。 

Over- and under-fertilisation is prevented, which avoids both air and water pollution, and the use of mineral fertilisers can be significantly reduced. Ultimately the environment will also benefit, since the production of fertilisers uses a lot of energy and generates a lot of CO2.

防止施肥過度和不足，避免空氣和水污染，并可顯著減少礦物肥料的使用。最終，環(huán)境也會(huì)受益，因?yàn)榛实纳a(chǎn)會(huì)消耗大量的能源，產(chǎn)生大量的二氧化碳。 

Targeted crop protection

植保靶向技術(shù) 

Overlaps and overdoses of agrochemicals should also be avoided. Technologically, these problems can be solved by accurate GPS-controlled driving solutions. At the same time, there is a growing trend towards the use of site-specific or even individual plant treatments instead of uniformly spraying complete fields.

還應(yīng)避免農(nóng)藥的重疊和過量使用。從技術(shù)上講，這些問題可以通過精確的GPS控制駕駛解決。同時(shí)，越來越多的趨勢(shì)是使用特定地點(diǎn)甚至個(gè)別植物處理，而不是均勻地噴灑整個(gè)田地。 

Site-specific applications divide fields into zones that can be treated differently. Drones or satellite images, for example, can measure crop density and related disease pressure, so the necessary fungicides can be applied. Again based on application maps, sections of the field are only treated where necessary. This approach can provide massive cost savings, depending on crop and field variations.

特定地點(diǎn)的應(yīng)用將農(nóng)田劃分為可以進(jìn)行不同處理的區(qū)塊。例如，無人機(jī)或衛(wèi)星圖像可以測(cè)量作物密度和相關(guān)疾病壓力，因此可以使用必要的殺菌劑。同樣基于應(yīng)用地圖，僅在必要區(qū)域進(jìn)行處理。根據(jù)作物和田地的不同，這種方法可以節(jié)省大量的成本。 

High-speed cameras and artificial intelligence help to capture crop populations, and can identify weeds and apply a herbicide at specific locations across the field. The advanced step is distinguish between weeds and the growing crop. Again, only the individual weeds are treated, while the crop is not affected.

高速攝像機(jī)和人工智能有助于捕捉作物種群，并能識(shí)別雜草和在整個(gè)田地的特定位置施用除草劑。先進(jìn)的步驟是區(qū)分雜草和正在生長(zhǎng)的作物。同樣，只處理個(gè)別雜草，而作物不受影響。 

Mechanical weed control also benefits from the use of high-speed camera technology. For organic farms in particular, this technology offers a real efficiency advantage. Even conventional farms can benefit by combining chemical and mechanical measures, and therefore significantly reduce the cost and environmental burden of herbicide use.

機(jī)械除草也得益于高速攝像技術(shù)的使用。特別是對(duì)于有機(jī)農(nóng)場(chǎng)，這種技術(shù)提供了真正的效率優(yōu)勢(shì)。即使是常規(guī)農(nóng)場(chǎng)也可以通過化學(xué)和機(jī)械措施的結(jié)合而受益，從而大大降低除草劑使用的成本和帶來的環(huán)境負(fù)擔(dān)。