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　　我國自動(dòng)駕駛農(nóng)機(jī)市場呈高速增長態(tài)勢(中英雙語)

從2018年開始，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部、財(cái)政部將農(nóng)業(yè)終端北斗系統(tǒng)納入全國農(nóng)機(jī)購置財(cái)政資金補(bǔ)貼目錄范圍，這一方面標(biāo)志著我國在農(nóng)用拖拉機(jī)駕駛操作和農(nóng)機(jī)具作業(yè)中，己進(jìn)入了引導(dǎo)推廣使用農(nóng)機(jī)自動(dòng)駕駛導(dǎo)航操作和農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)面積、質(zhì)量智能信息化監(jiān)測的新階段；另一方面，這也預(yù)示著拖拉機(jī)駕駛自動(dòng)導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)，將成為拖拉機(jī)尤其是大馬力拖拉機(jī)作業(yè)中必備的輔助智能工具。自此，我國自動(dòng)駕駛農(nóng)機(jī)呈高速增長態(tài)勢，對(duì)智慧農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)有力的推動(dòng)。

Since 2018, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Ministry of Finance have incorporated the Beidou system into the national agricultural terminal in the scope of the purchase of agricultural machinery; on the other hand, it also indicates that the tractor driving will become the necessary auxiliary intelligent tool for tractors, especially high-speed tractors. Since then, China's autonomous driving agricultural machinery has shown a rapid growth trend, which has produced a strong impetus for smart agriculture.

據(jù)媒體報(bào)道，2020年1—6月，我國累計(jì)銷售各類自動(dòng)駕駛農(nóng)機(jī)裝備和系統(tǒng)1.17萬余臺(tái)套，同比增長213%。這一態(tài)勢延續(xù)至今。2021年我國農(nóng)機(jī)自動(dòng)導(dǎo)航駕駛系統(tǒng)補(bǔ)貼銷售2.12萬臺(tái)。各省區(qū)農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼公示數(shù)據(jù)顯示，我國38個(gè)統(tǒng)計(jì)省區(qū)單位，有農(nóng)用北斗終端及輔助駕駛系統(tǒng)（含漁船用）銷量的有16個(gè)自動(dòng)駕駛農(nóng)機(jī)，北大荒銷量最大，達(dá)到5200臺(tái)，全國占比達(dá)到45.61%；新疆生產(chǎn)建設(shè)兵團(tuán)銷量3300臺(tái)，名列各省區(qū)銷量第二，新疆銷量也超過1400臺(tái)，名列第三。

According to media reports, from January to June 2020, China sold more than 11,700 sets of all types of autonomous driving agricultural machinery and systems, up 213 percent year on year. This trend continues to this day. In 2021, China's agricultural machinery automatic navigation and driving system subsidy sales of 21,200 units. According to the public data of agricultural machinery purchase subsidy, 16 agricultural Beidou terminals and auxiliary driving system (including fishing boats) agricultural machinery sold the largest, reaching 5200 units, accounting for45.61% of the national total; Xinjiang Corps sold 3300 units, ranking the second among all provinces and Xinjiang exceeded 1400 units, ranking the third.

另據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部統(tǒng)計(jì)，截至2021年底,以北斗、5G等信息技術(shù)為支撐的智能農(nóng)機(jī)裝備進(jìn)軍生產(chǎn)一線，加裝北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航的拖拉機(jī)、聯(lián)合收割機(jī)超過60萬臺(tái)，植保無人機(jī)保有量97931架，同比增長39.22%。

In addition, according to the statistics of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, by the end of 2021, intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment supported by Beidou, 5G and other information technologies had entered the production line, with more than 600,000 Beidou satellite navigation tractors and combine harvesters, and the number of plant protection drones was 97,931, up 39.22% year on year.

其他省區(qū)銷量呈加速增長勢頭，其中內(nèi)蒙古、江蘇、青島、浙江和山東5個(gè)省區(qū)銷量均超過180臺(tái)。實(shí)踐證明，安裝了農(nóng)機(jī)自動(dòng)駕駛導(dǎo)航操作裝備的農(nóng)機(jī)，可以降低農(nóng)藥化肥使用30%以上，提升作業(yè)效率50%以上，在農(nóng)作物耕種收生產(chǎn)中發(fā)揮了積極作用。

Sales in other provinces and regions accelerated, with Inner Mongolia, Jiangsu, Qingdao, Zhejiang and Shandong provinces all selling more than 180 units. Practice has proved that the installation of agricultural machinery automatic driving navigation operation equipment can reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers by more than 30%, improve the operation efficiency by more than 50%, playing a positive role in crop cultivation and production.

2022年裝備北斗終端的國產(chǎn)農(nóng)機(jī)在全年糧食生產(chǎn)中發(fā)揮了重要作用。在夏收時(shí)節(jié)和秋糧收獲階段，分別有5萬多臺(tái)和1.2萬臺(tái)基于北斗的收割機(jī)跨區(qū)作業(yè)，區(qū)域覆蓋了黑龍江、吉林、內(nèi)蒙古、河北、河南、山東、安徽等小麥、水稻和玉米主產(chǎn)區(qū)，所形成的2000萬億條北斗農(nóng)機(jī)大數(shù)據(jù)，有力支撐了跨區(qū)作業(yè)順利實(shí)施，顯著提升了農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率。截至2022年底，河北、吉林、黑龍江、新疆等地區(qū)在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域累計(jì)推廣應(yīng)用北斗終端約30萬臺(tái)/套。其中，在新疆使用北斗自動(dòng)駕駛拖拉機(jī)播種棉花，每天可作業(yè)600畝以上，提升土地使用效率10%，全疆棉花機(jī)采率已達(dá)80%。

Domestic agricultural machinery equipped with the Beidou terminal in 2022 plays an important role in the annual grain production. In the summer harvest season and autumn grain harvest stage, there are more than 50000 and 12000 units based on beidou harvester inter-regional operation, area covers the Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Anhui and other wheat, rice and corn production, formed by the 2000 trillion beidou agricultural machinery big data, strong support the inter-district operation smooth implementation, significantlyimprove the agricultural production efficiency. By the end of 2022, Hebei, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Xinjiang and other regions had applied about 300,000 Beidou terminals in the agricultural sector. Among them, the use of Beidou autonomous tractors in Xinjiang can operate more than 600 mu per day, improving the land use efficiency by 10%, and the cotton acquisition rate in Xinjiang has reached 80%.

據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，全國已有13個(gè)省份啟動(dòng)了26個(gè)無人農(nóng)場的建設(shè)，節(jié)本增效顯著，畝產(chǎn)平均提高30%，勞動(dòng)成本降低60%，農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)效率提高50%，能耗節(jié)約50%，有效提高了農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的效率以及信息化、現(xiàn)代化、智慧化水平。

According to incomplete statistics, 13 provinces in China have started the construction of 26 unmanned farms, which have significantly saved cost and increased efficiency, increased the average per-mu yield by 30%, reduced labor costs by 60%, agricultural machinery operation efficiency by 50% and energy consumption by 50%, effectively improving the efficiency of agricultural production and the level of informatization, modernization and wisdom.

據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，截至2022年底，在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域已累計(jì)推廣應(yīng)用各類北斗終端接近160萬臺(tái)/套，全年作業(yè)面積達(dá)6000萬畝以上。其中，應(yīng)用農(nóng)機(jī)自動(dòng)駕駛系統(tǒng)超過17萬臺(tái)/套，應(yīng)用遠(yuǎn)程維護(hù)及定位終端超過133萬臺(tái)/套，應(yīng)用漁船用船載終端設(shè)備超過9萬臺(tái)/套。

According to incomplete statistics, by the end of 2022, nearly 1.6 million sets of various Beidou terminals had been applied in the agricultural field, and the annual operating area has reached more than 60 million mu. Among them, there are more than 170,000 sets of agricultural machinery autonomous driving systems, more than 1.33 million sets of remote maintenance and positioning terminals, and more than 90,000 sets of shipterminal equipment used for fishing boats.

中國北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)BeiDou Navigation Satellite System，簡稱BDS，目前基于北斗系統(tǒng)的農(nóng)機(jī)自動(dòng)駕駛系統(tǒng)銷售量超過10萬臺(tái)/套。由國家農(nóng)機(jī)裝備創(chuàng)新中心牽頭發(fā)起，清華大學(xué)天津高端裝備研究院洛陽先進(jìn)制造產(chǎn)業(yè)研發(fā)基地聯(lián)合打造的中國首臺(tái)5G+氫燃料電動(dòng)拖拉機(jī)于2021年在河南省洛陽正式發(fā)布。此設(shè)備的研制成功，無疑表明我國新型智能化農(nóng)機(jī)裝備設(shè)計(jì)及制造方面又邁出了一大步。

China's Beidou Navigation Satellite System BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, BDS for short, the sales volume of agricultural machinery autonomous driving system based on the Beidou system currently exceeds 100,000 units per set. Led by the National Agricultural Machinery Equipment Innovation Center and jointly built by Tsinghua University Tianjin Advanced Manufacturing Industry Research and Development Base, China was officially released in Luoyang, Henan Province in 2021. The successful development of this equipment undoubtedly shows that the design andmanufacturing of new intelligent agricultural machinery equipment in China has taken a big step.

通常來講，農(nóng)機(jī)自動(dòng)駕駛系統(tǒng)是集衛(wèi)星接收、定位、控制于一體的綜合性系統(tǒng)，主要由基準(zhǔn)站、GNSS天線、北斗/GNSS M300接收機(jī)、顯示器、控制器、液壓閥、角度傳感器等部分組成。

Generally speaking, the agricultural machinery automatic driving system is a comprehensive system integrating satellite receiving, positioning and control. It is mainly composed of base station, GNSS antenna, Beidou / GNSS M300 receiver, display, controller, hydraulic valve, Angle sensor and other parts.

作業(yè)拖拉機(jī)根據(jù)位置傳感器(GNSS衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)等)設(shè)計(jì)好的行走路線，控制器根據(jù)衛(wèi)星定位的坐標(biāo)及車輪的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)情況，實(shí)時(shí)向液壓控制閥發(fā)送指令，通過控制液壓系統(tǒng)油量的流量和流向，控制農(nóng)機(jī)(拖拉機(jī))的行駛，確保車輛按照導(dǎo)航顯示器設(shè)定的路線行駛。安裝自動(dòng)駕駛導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)，已是發(fā)達(dá)國家農(nóng)機(jī)智能化必需的智能設(shè)備，大型農(nóng)機(jī)特別是大型拖拉機(jī)必要裝備。

For the tractor, according to the position sensor (GNSS satellite navigation system, etc.), the controller sends instructions to the hydraulic control valve according to the flow and flow of the hydraulic system and controls the driving of agricultural machinery (tractor) to ensure that the vehicle travels according to the route set by the navigation display. The installation of automatic driving navigation system has become a necessary intelligent equipment for intelligent agricultural machinery in developed countries, and necessary for large agricultural machinery, especially large tractors.

在美國，凱斯、約翰迪爾等企業(yè)生產(chǎn)制造的100馬力以上大馬力拖拉機(jī)，在出廠之前就已經(jīng)配置農(nóng)機(jī)自動(dòng)導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)，供用戶選擇。我國多個(gè)省份已出臺(tái)針對(duì)農(nóng)機(jī)自動(dòng)導(dǎo)航駕駛系統(tǒng)的專門補(bǔ)貼，新型應(yīng)用已在研究探索之中。借助政策支持，我國自動(dòng)駕駛農(nóng)機(jī)已初步形成比較完善的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈體系，北斗導(dǎo)航設(shè)備、激光雷達(dá)、計(jì)算平臺(tái)等上游企業(yè)與中游自動(dòng)駕駛系統(tǒng)商緊密合作，為下游農(nóng)機(jī)主機(jī)廠商配套自動(dòng)駕駛系統(tǒng)，已部分地區(qū)批量應(yīng)用。

enterprises produced more than 100 horsepower horsepower tractors, before the factory has been equipped with agricultural machinery automatic navigation system, for users to choose. Many provinces in China have issued special subsidies for the automatic navigation and driving system of agricultural machinery, and new applications are in the process of research and exploration. With the help of policy support, China's autonomous driving agricultural machinery has initially formed a relatively complete industrial chain system. Upstream enterprises such as Beidou navigation equipment, lidar and computing platforms cooperate closely with midstream autonomous driving system manufacturers to support autonomous driving systems for downstream agricultural machinery host manufacturers, which has been applied in batches in some regions.

國內(nèi)一些農(nóng)機(jī)制造企業(yè)立足用戶需求，也積極研發(fā)制造功能全、質(zhì)量優(yōu)的農(nóng)機(jī)裝備。例如，中國一拖。目前，中國一拖已全面完成拖拉機(jī)無人駕駛系統(tǒng)的研發(fā)，中國一拖全系列拖拉機(jī)、收獲機(jī)械產(chǎn)品均完成了自動(dòng)駕駛、工況檢測功能的驗(yàn)證，并開始在新疆、湖北、黑龍江等區(qū)域全面鋪開推廣。

needs, but also actively research and development manufacturing function, high quality of agricultural machinery equipment. For example, China delays itself. At present, China Yituo has fully completed the research and development of tractor unmanned driving system, and the whole series of tractors and harvesting machinery products have completed the verification of automatic driving and working condition detection functions, and started to spread in Xinjiang, Hubei, Heilongjiang and other regions.

借助物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、大數(shù)據(jù)、云計(jì)算、自動(dòng)駕駛等前沿技術(shù)，可以促進(jìn)拖拉機(jī)、播種機(jī)等農(nóng)機(jī)裝備實(shí)現(xiàn)高精度作業(yè)、高效系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃調(diào)度。多種系統(tǒng)、平臺(tái)、軟件等的應(yīng)用，也正為提升農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)管理水平、促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)從傳統(tǒng)作業(yè)向精準(zhǔn)作業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)變、農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)從粗放管理向精細(xì)化管理升級(jí)，提供有力的技術(shù)支撐。

cloud computing and autonomous driving, agricultural machinery and equipment such as tractors and planters can be promoted to realize high-precision operation and efficient system planning and scheduling. The application of various systems, platforms, software and other applications is also providing strong technical support for improving the level of agricultural production management, promoting the transformation of agriculture from traditional operations to precise operations, and the upgrading of agricultural enterprises from extensive management to fine management.

展望未來，政府、科技企業(yè)、農(nóng)機(jī)裝備制造商等可聯(lián)起手來，積極推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)全過程無人作業(yè)試驗(yàn)逐步向?qū)嵱秒A段的轉(zhuǎn)移，實(shí)現(xiàn)無人農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)的商業(yè)化應(yīng)用和市場的快速普及。而行駛在田間地頭的自動(dòng)駕駛農(nóng)機(jī)裝備，本來就是智慧農(nóng)業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展的一大體現(xiàn)。

technology enterprises, agricultural machinery and equipment manufacturers can join hands to actively promote the transfer of unmanned agricultural unmanned operation experiment to the practical stage, and realize the commercial application of unmanned agricultural machinery operation and the rapid popularization of the market. And driving in the field of autonomous driving agricultural machinery and equipment, is originally a major embodiment of the vigorous development of smart agriculture.