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　　人工智能將顛覆傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè),你準(zhǔn)備好了嗎(中英雙語(yǔ))

人工智能正在顛覆農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域。這并不是夸大其詞，我們所熟知的農(nóng)業(yè)正在被重新定義。一聽(tīng)到農(nóng)業(yè)，大部分人腦海里浮現(xiàn)的是這樣的場(chǎng)景：隔壁農(nóng)民老王穿著工作服開(kāi)著他的拖拉機(jī)在廣袤的田地上突突地轉(zhuǎn)圈。但是，這種場(chǎng)景我們的孫子輩可能看不到了。

Artificial intelligence is disrupting agriculture. This is not an exaggeration, and the agriculture as we know it is being redefined. Hearing agriculture, most people think of a scene where Lao Wang, a farmer next door, drives his tractor around a vast field. But it may not be seen to our grandchildren.

過(guò)去十年里，室內(nèi)種植技術(shù)取得長(zhǎng)足進(jìn)展，室內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展前景越加清晰可見(jiàn)，它正變得越來(lái)越受歡迎。之所以會(huì)產(chǎn)生在室內(nèi)進(jìn)行耕作這種想法，最主要的原因就是想要加強(qiáng)控制。

In the past decade, indoor planting technology has made great progress, and the future of indoor agriculture is more visible, it is becoming more and more popular. The main reason for the idea of farming indoors is to strengthen control.

通過(guò)室內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)，農(nóng)作物的生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境可以得到充分的掌握。只要有錢，任何因素都可以控制：光線、溫度、二氧化碳濃度、肥料、水、通風(fēng)等等。這種控制會(huì)帶來(lái)顯而易見(jiàn)的好處，比如農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量提升、成熟速度加快、耗水量減少，凡此種種在一小塊土地上就都可以實(shí)現(xiàn)了。

Through indoor agriculture, the growth environment of crops can be fully grasped. As long as there is money, any factor can be controlled: light, temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, fertilizer, water, ventilation and so on. Such controls can bring obvious benefits, such as higher crop yields, faster ripening, and less water consumption, which can be achieved on a small piece of land.

人工智能如何振興農(nóng)業(yè)?

How does AI revitalize agriculture?

人工智能通過(guò)利用實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)，采用一系列方法優(yōu)化農(nóng)作物生長(zhǎng)，以此改良農(nóng)業(yè)。如前所述，室內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)可以通過(guò)監(jiān)測(cè)各種因素來(lái)掌控農(nóng)作物的生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境。

Artificial intelligence improves agriculture by using real-time data and using a series of methods to optimize crop growth. As mentioned earlier, indoor agriculture can control the growth environment of crops by monitoring various factors.

舉個(gè)例子，Bowery Farming公司測(cè)量了一系列數(shù)據(jù)，包括“光譜、光周期(晝/夜循環(huán))、光照度、灌溉計(jì)劃、肥料、通風(fēng)、溫度、濕度以及二氧化碳濃度”。接著，他們通過(guò)機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)算法對(duì)這些數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理，制定出合理的干預(yù)程序。

For example, Bowery Farming measured a range of data, including "spectrum, photoperiod (day / night cycle), illumination, irrigation plans, fertilizer, ventilation, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration."Next, they processed the data through machine learning algorithms to develop reasonable intervention procedures.

通過(guò)反復(fù)實(shí)踐和訓(xùn)練，當(dāng)控制系統(tǒng)儲(chǔ)存了足夠多的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，就會(huì)變得比人類還“聰明”。該系統(tǒng)能夠通過(guò)葉子的顏色來(lái)檢測(cè)植物的健康狀況。一旦識(shí)別出問(wèn)題，就會(huì)立即開(kāi)始應(yīng)對(duì)。這里具體的問(wèn)題是什么不是很清楚，但可以先假設(shè)問(wèn)題在于缺乏光照。那么，人工智能就會(huì)增加這盤芝麻菜的光照時(shí)長(zhǎng)。請(qǐng)注意這里的說(shuō)法，增加的是特定的某一盤作物的光照時(shí)長(zhǎng)。沒(méi)錯(cuò)，人工智能可以做到對(duì)每一株作物和每一托盤植株進(jìn)行個(gè)性化照料。

Through repeated practice and training, when the control system stores enough databases, it becomes "smarter" than humans. The system is able to detect plant health by the color of the leaves. Once a problem is identified, the response begins immediately. What is the specific problem here is not very clear, but one can first assume that the problem is the lack of light exposure. AI, then, will increase the light duration of this arugula. Note the statement here that the addition is the length of light for a particular crop. Yes, AI can personalize the care of every crop and every pallet.

這真的太神奇了。實(shí)際上，我們可以實(shí)現(xiàn)將數(shù)千種作物種植在同一片土地上，并且同時(shí)分別給予特殊照顧，使得每一種作物都能夠蓬勃生長(zhǎng)。

This is really amazing. In fact, we can grow thousands of crops on the same land, and give them special care separately at the same time, so that each crop can flourish.

實(shí)現(xiàn)這樣的操作依靠的是人工智能的一個(gè)技術(shù)分支——機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)。室內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)的大機(jī)器從每個(gè)種植周期中收集大量的測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)。然后，機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)算法對(duì)這些數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理，從中學(xué)習(xí)以實(shí)現(xiàn)下一個(gè)生長(zhǎng)周期的優(yōu)秀優(yōu)化。每一次種下一株植物時(shí)，一次生長(zhǎng)流程追蹤就開(kāi)始了。

Such an operation depends on —— machine learning, a technical branch of artificial intelligence. Large machines for indoor agriculture collect large amounts of measurements from each planting cycle. Machine learning algorithms then process these data, learning from it to achieve excellent optimization for the next growth cycle. Each time a plant is planted, a growth process trace begins.

最終，這些記錄匯總成種植某種作物的一份“秘方”。這張秘方之后可以用于該種作物的種植，勾畫出合理的生長(zhǎng)軌跡，以實(shí)現(xiàn)優(yōu)秀的收成。

Eventually, the records are aggregated into a "secret recipe" for growing a certain crop. This secret recipe can then be used to grow the crop, sketching out a reasonable growth trajectory to achieve a good harvest.

有了這些數(shù)據(jù)，我們不僅可以知道種植一株植物的用水量，還可以知道何時(shí)澆水合適。其他指標(biāo)也是同樣的道理。這些就夠讓人興奮，但它能做到的還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不止這些!

With these data, we can not only know how much water is used to grow a plant, but also when to water it properly. The same goes for other indicators. That's exciting enough, but it's much more than that!

這些秘方會(huì)不斷進(jìn)行自我完善，以高效的方式使每種作物達(dá)到最優(yōu)風(fēng)味。通過(guò)對(duì)生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中的每一個(gè)因素做出細(xì)微的調(diào)整，從而找到合適的生長(zhǎng)模式。甚至針對(duì)同一種作物的每一個(gè)托盤，其具體影響因子也可以調(diào)整。也就是說(shuō)，生產(chǎn)一旦開(kāi)始，成千上萬(wàn)場(chǎng)提高產(chǎn)量的試驗(yàn)也就開(kāi)始了。而最妙的地方是，這些實(shí)驗(yàn)不會(huì)帶來(lái)額外的生產(chǎn)成本。

These secret recipes will continue to improve themselves to achieve the optimal flavor of each crop in an efficient way. Find the appropriate growth pattern by making subtle adjustments to each factor in the growth process. Even for each tray of the same crop, the specific impact factor can be adjusted. In other words, once production begins, thousands of thousands of trials to increase production will begin. The best part is that these experiments bring in no additional production costs.

最后，當(dāng)作物到了豐收的時(shí)候，完成所有種植并進(jìn)行科學(xué)測(cè)驗(yàn)的這套系統(tǒng)也會(huì)通知工作人員，告訴他們哪些托盤的作物應(yīng)該收割了。從種植到收割，人工智能改良了整個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)流程。人工智能為室內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)提供了一套自動(dòng)化管理系統(tǒng)，有了這套系統(tǒng)，種植越多，了解就越深入。

Finally, when the crop reaches a good harvest, the system, which completes all the planting and conducts scientific tests, also informs the staff about which trays of crops should be harvested. From planting to harvesting, AI improves the entire agricultural production process. Artificial intelligence provides an automated management system for indoor agriculture, with which the more you plant, the deeper you understand.

未來(lái)的影響

Impact of the future

現(xiàn)在，人工智能對(duì)室內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)的影響在商業(yè)和消費(fèi)領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)顯現(xiàn)出來(lái)了。大部分室內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)公司的背后都有大型企業(yè)的支撐。

Now, the impact of AI on indoor agriculture is already visible in both the commercial and consumer areas. Most indoor agricultural companies are backed by large enterprises.

為了實(shí)現(xiàn)在最短的時(shí)間內(nèi)將食品送上門，公司需要配套相應(yīng)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。室內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)就提供了這樣的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)在任何地點(diǎn)耕作，并且在最短時(shí)間內(nèi)產(chǎn)出。實(shí)現(xiàn)室內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)的戰(zhàn)略性選址，就可以打破運(yùn)輸帶來(lái)的瓶頸，同時(shí)提高產(chǎn)品新鮮度。

In order to deliver the food to the door in the shortest possible time, the company needs to support the corresponding infrastructure. Indoor agriculture provides such infrastructure that can be cultivated in any place and produced in the shortest time. Realizing the strategic site selection of indoor agriculture can break the bottleneck brought by transportation and improve the freshness of products.

此外，消費(fèi)者對(duì)有機(jī)食物的需求是一個(gè)商機(jī)。室內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)就是有機(jī)的，生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境得到控制，也就不需要農(nóng)藥了。

In addition, consumer demand for organic food is a business opportunity. Indoor agriculture is organic, the growth environment is controlled, also do not need pesticides.

一些公司正致力于將有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)帶到消費(fèi)者家中。Seedo就是這樣一家公司。他們有一種小型的設(shè)備，長(zhǎng)得像一個(gè)迷你冰箱，可以種植任何東西。這個(gè)設(shè)備帶有一個(gè)集成式應(yīng)用程序，只要輸入正在種植的作物類型，剩下的就都可以交給設(shè)備了。它會(huì)在可以收獲的時(shí)候發(fā)出提醒，也可以通過(guò)內(nèi)置攝像機(jī)，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)作物隨時(shí)隨地的監(jiān)測(cè)。

Some companies are working on bringing organic farming to consumers' homes. Seedo is one such company. They have a small device that looks like a mini refrigerator and can plant anything. The device comes with an integrated application, leaving the rest of the type of crop being planted. It reminds them when they can be harvested, or it can use built-in cameras to monitor crops anytime, anywhere.

諸如此類的創(chuàng)新可能會(huì)就此改變我們的生活，人工智能和室內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)在解決糧食短缺問(wèn)題乃至將糧食帶到發(fā)展中國(guó)家等方面起到至關(guān)重要的作用。盡管這些地區(qū)的限制主要在于能源消耗和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，但是低成本的溫室水培作業(yè)同樣可以解決問(wèn)題，可以借助先進(jìn)人工智能預(yù)先安裝的樹(shù)莓派(raspberry pi)。

Such innovations as this could change our lives, and AI and indoor agriculture could play a crucial role in addressing food shortages and even bringing food to developing countries. Although the limitations in these areas are mainly energy consumption and infrastructure, low-cost greenhouse hydroponic operations can also solve the problem, with advanced AI pre-installed Raspberry PI (raspberry pi).

布雷特·布萊恩說(shuō)：“農(nóng)業(yè)是希望之業(yè)?！边@句話原本的含義是在形容傳統(tǒng)的種植過(guò)程中，種下種子企盼一年好收成的情形。筆者認(rèn)為，人工智能和室內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)也可以被視為希望之業(yè)。農(nóng)業(yè)與技術(shù)的新結(jié)合讓我感到滿懷希望，希望有一天每個(gè)人都能獲得穩(wěn)定持續(xù)的食物來(lái)源。

Brett Bryan said: " Agriculture is a business of hope."The original meaning is to describe the traditional process of planting, seeds planted for a good harvest. The author thinks that artificial intelligence and indoor agriculture can also be regarded as the hope industry. The new combination of agriculture and technology makes me feel hopeful that one day everyone will get a steady and continuous food source.

新農(nóng)人需要更多的知識(shí)，掌握AI相關(guān)應(yīng)用技術(shù)是第一要?jiǎng)?wù)，否則我們將沒(méi)有“資格”作新農(nóng)人

New farmers need more knowledge, and mastering AI-related application technology is the first priority, otherwise we will not be "qualified" to be new farmers

2022年7月，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部辦公廳、國(guó)家鄉(xiāng)村振興局綜合司、國(guó)家開(kāi)發(fā)銀行辦公室、中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展銀行辦公室發(fā)布《關(guān)于推進(jìn)政策性開(kāi)發(fā)性金融支持農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的通知》，提出政策性、開(kāi)發(fā)性金融機(jī)構(gòu)要在符合國(guó)家法規(guī)和信貸政策的前提下，優(yōu)先安排信貸規(guī)模，為農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目提供更多長(zhǎng)周期、低成本貸款。在該文件中明確的七大重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域中，現(xiàn)代設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)占據(jù)一席之地。

In July 2022, agricultural NongCunBu general office, the office of the bureau, China development bank office of the policy developmental financial support agricultural rural infrastructure construction notice, put forward policy, developmental financial institutions should be in accordance with the premise of national regulations and credit policy, priority arrangement credit scale, for agricultural rural infrastructure projects to provide more long cycle, low-cost loans. Among the seven key areas identified in the document, modern facilityculture occupies a place.

2023年3月，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部辦公廳、中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)銀行辦公室印發(fā)《金融助力畜牧業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展工作方案》，提出支持發(fā)展設(shè)施化規(guī)?；B(yǎng)殖，加大對(duì)畜禽規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)中長(zhǎng)期貸款、固定資產(chǎn)貸款等支持力度；大力拓寬抵質(zhì)押品范圍，將土地經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)、養(yǎng)殖圈舍、大型養(yǎng)殖機(jī)械、畜禽活體納入可接受押品范圍。

Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Office of the Agricultural Bank of China issued the Work Plan for Finance for High-quality Development of Animal Husbandry, proposing to support the development of large-scale breeding and increase the support for medium and long-term loans and fixed asset loans for livestock and poultry farms; greatly expand the scope of collateral, and include land management rights, breeding housing, large-scale breeding machinery and live livestock and poultry into the scope of acceptable collateral.

從各地的實(shí)踐來(lái)看，多家銀行機(jī)構(gòu)推出了“大棚貸”“農(nóng)機(jī)貸”等信貸產(chǎn)品，有效解決農(nóng)戶發(fā)展設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)的資金問(wèn)題；非銀金融機(jī)構(gòu)利用融資租賃等模式，服務(wù)大型農(nóng)機(jī)銷售、租賃企業(yè)，在支持機(jī)械化方面發(fā)揮了重要作用。針對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)科技研發(fā)和成果轉(zhuǎn)化，各地利用知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)質(zhì)押貸款、政府引導(dǎo)基金、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)共擔(dān)機(jī)制，有效拓寬金融服務(wù)渠道，增強(qiáng)金融機(jī)構(gòu)的工作主動(dòng)性和積極性。

launched credit products such as "greenhouse loan" and "agricultural machinery loan" to effectively solve the capital problem of farmers to develop facility agriculture; non-bank financial institutions serve large agricultural machinery sales and leasing enterprises, and play an important role in supporting mechanization. In view of the research and development of agricultural science and technology and the transformation of achievements, local governments have made use of intellectual property pledge loans, government guidance funds and risk-sharing mechanisms toeffectively expand financial service channels and enhance the work initiative and enthusiasm of financial institutions.

據(jù)估算，未來(lái)5到10年，僅高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田、設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)等投資需求有近15萬(wàn)億元，但現(xiàn)有金融產(chǎn)品在針對(duì)性和多樣性方面還有短板。面對(duì)不斷增加的資金需求，如何創(chuàng)新金融產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)、助力設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)由機(jī)械化向數(shù)智化轉(zhuǎn)軌，仍需金融機(jī)構(gòu)更進(jìn)一步探索。

It is estimated that in the next five to 10 years, only the investment demand for high-standard farmland and facility agriculture will reach nearly 15 trillion yuan, but the existing financial products still have shortcomings in terms of pertinence and diversity. In the face of the increasing demand for funds, financial institutions still need to further explore how to innovate financial products and services and help the transformation of facility agriculture from mechanization to digital intelligence.

智能農(nóng)業(yè)將是一個(gè)知識(shí)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)，對(duì)從業(yè)者的要求很高。這種情況下的新農(nóng)人，僅有農(nóng)業(yè)相關(guān)專業(yè)知識(shí)顯然是不夠的；必須要同時(shí)掌握“植物工廠”技術(shù)，與商超對(duì)接……。種田會(huì)變得很輕松，但對(duì)知識(shí)的要求也會(huì)很高；種田的職業(yè)讓人羨慕，但僅有“十年寒窗”苦讀顯然不夠；如果有志成為這樣的新農(nóng)人，應(yīng)該現(xiàn)在就努力！為實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)，加油吧??！

Smart agriculture will be a knowledge-intensive industry, with high requirements for practitioners. In this case, new farmers are not enough for agriculture; they must simultaneously master "plant factory" technology and connect with the supermarket..... Farming will become very easy, but the requirement for knowledge will be high, but only "ten years cold window" hard study is not enough; if aspiring to become such a new farmer, should work hard now! To achieve the goal, come on!!